Highbrowism and Populism in Tango

Art forms that appeal to the general public's preferences, needs, and educational backgrounds are often classified as popular arts. In contrast, highbrow arts are characterized by refined tastes and exceptional skills that surpass the abilities of most individuals. For instance, highbrow music often demands a level of complexity and range that only a few performers can achieve, whereas pop songs, with their simpler techniques and narrower range, are accessible to nearly everyone.

The notion that intricate and demanding art is inherently superior to straightforward and accessible forms, however, is misguided. Painting does not inherently surpass photography, and pop songs can be just as captivating as operatic pieces. In fact, simplicity and accessibility often lead to extraordinary results. Simplicity does not imply artistic inferiority, nor does ease signify a lack of skill. On the contrary, achieving simplicity and ease often requires a high degree of sophistication. Truly accomplished artists perform their work effortlessly, and those who masterfully simplify their craft often demonstrate greater virtuosity than those who do not (see Simple Is Beautiful).

Individuals who believe in art for art's sake often overlook a crucial reality: art, particularly popular art, is ultimately created for people. What’s the value of a pop song if it is too complex for the general public to enjoy? What's the worth of a social dance if only an elite few can dance it? Argentine tango is a prime example of a social dance—it was created by sailors, gauchos, immigrant workers, and street women. It maintains its grassroots essence in Argentina even today. Most people who dance tango are ordinary people. They love tango because it is a simple and easy dance that serves their need for connection and affinity with other souls. Those who regard themselves above the crowd try to make tango increasingly intricate and challenging. I don’t think that attempt serves tango well. Tango will continue to evolve as an art form, of course, but transforming it into a highbrow dance akin to ballet is a step in the wrong direction, in my view. The vitality of tango lies in its popularity and sociability, without these qualities, it risks becoming a castle in the air.

Schopenhauer's famed observation, "Man is either vulgar or lonely," lends itself to multiple interpretations. It could be understood as an encouragement to embrace individuality rather than conforming to the crowd. It might serve as a warning against excessive aloofness that leads to isolation. Alternatively, it could be interpretated as a call to strike a balance between refined and popular tastes, avoiding extremism. In the context of tango, the latter interpretation seems most pertinent. As a Chinese proverb wisely observes, "Water that is too clear has no fish, and a man with overly high standards has no followers." Schopenhauer's words, therefore, could also be viewed as a cautionary note.